True. If you no longer believe that a call you made was correct, you should retract it. According to the rules of Ultimate, a player making any call who subsequently determines that their call was incorrect can retract the call by calling "Retracted." This allows the game to continue with fairness and maintains the spirit of the game.

True. Minor contact in Ultimate is defined as contact that involves minimal physical force and does not alter the movements or position of another player. This type of contact is generally not considered dangerous and does not affect the continuation of play.

True, a travel infraction may be called by any opposing player. This is specified in the rules where it states that any opposing player may make a travel infraction call, although if the call is not made by the marker, it should be loud enough for both the thrower and marker to hear.

True. A travel infraction may be called by any opposing player. This is explicitly stated in the rules of Ultimate, where it is mentioned that any opposing player can make a travel infraction call. However, if the call is not made by the marker, it should be made loud enough for both the thrower and the marker to hear.

True. A travel infraction may be called by any opposing player. This is in accordance with the rules of Ultimate which state that any opposing player may make a travel infraction call. However, if the call is not made by the marker, it should be made loud enough for the thrower and marker to hear.

True. According to the rules of Ultimate, a 'Wrapping' marking infraction may only be called by the thrower. This is consistent with the general rule that only the thrower may call marking infractions, except in the case of a double team.

True. According to the rules of Ultimate, any opposing player may make a travel infraction call, not just the marker. If the call is not made by the marker, it should be made loud enough for both the thrower and the marker to hear. This ensures that all relevant parties are aware of the infraction and can respond accordingly.

True. According to the rules of Ultimate, contact with an opponent’s extended arms or hands that are about to, or already are, contacting the disc, or contact to the thrower's hand during the throwing motion, is not considered to be minor contact. This type of contact is significant enough to potentially alter the outcome of the play and therefore does not fall under the category of minor contact.

Yes, a travel infraction may be called by any opposing player. According to the rules, any opposing player may make a travel infraction call. However, if the call is not made by the marker, it should be made loud enough for both the thrower and the marker to hear.

Yes, according to the rules of Ultimate, any opposing player may make a travel infraction call, not just the marker. If the call is not made by the marker, it should be made loud enough for the thrower and marker to hear. This ensures that all players are aware of the infraction and can respond accordingly.

When a thrower calls "Fast count" and the marker does not contest, the marker should indeed resume the stall count with the number last fully uttered before the call, minus one, as per the rules of Ultimate. However, when the thrower calls "Straddle" and the marker does not contest, the marker must stop straddling and correct their position. According to the rules, after a marking infraction such as straddling is corrected, the stall count should resume at "Stalling 1" (source_reference).

In Ultimate frisbee, non-minor contact that occurs accidentally is still considered a foul, even if it was not intentional. There should be no intentional contact in the game. If an offensive player accidentally runs into a defensive player and knocks them over, and the thrower has not yet released the disc, the defensive player can call a foul. Play stops, and the defensive player is allowed to make up any positional disadvantage caused by the foul. This is in accordance with Rule 17.8.1. However, if the contact is minor, such as players lightly bumping shoulders or hips, and both players were aware that contact might occur, this is not necessarily deemed a foul. This is especially true if both players have a right to the space and neither can be deemed to have initiated contact. In such cases, the contact is considered incidental and does not affect the continuation of play, as per Rule 12.8 and the definition of "incidental contact" in Rule 15.1. If the contact occurs after the disc has been caught, or after the relevant players involved can no longer make a play on the disc, it must be treated as an Indirect Foul, excluding contact related to Section 17.1, as stated in Rule 17.9.2.1. In summary, accidental bumping can be called as a foul depending on the circumstances, such as the timing of the contact, the nature of the contact (minor or significant), and whether the contact affected the play.

False. According to the rules of Ultimate, if the marker recognizes that the thrower has established a pivot at the incorrect spot, they cannot wait until the stall count gets to 6 or until a pass is made before they call a travel. The marker should call the travel as soon as they recognize the infraction. If a player had a reasonable opportunity to recognize that a breach had occurred but continued play as if no breach had occurred, they should not make the call later on. Therefore, the marker should call the travel immediately upon noticing the incorrect pivot, not after a pass is made.

False. According to the rules of Ultimate, if there is a stoppage to discuss a play and it remains unclear whether the disc touched the ground before the catch, the disc should be returned to the last non-disputed thrower. The offense does not automatically get the benefit of the doubt for the catch to stand. The resolution should be to return the disc to the thrower unless it is clearly established that the catch was made before the disc contacted the ground.

False. According to the rules of Ultimate, only the thrower may call marking infractions, except in the case of a double team. For marking infractions excluding double team, if other players notice a marking infraction they may alert the thrower of this, however, this call will have no effect. The thrower may subsequently make the call themselves, in which case the opposition should respond accordingly. Therefore, a 'Straddle' marking infraction may only be called by the thrower.

True. If you no longer believe that a call you made was correct, you should retract the call by calling "Retracted" as per the Rules of Ultimate.

True. According to the rules of Ultimate, a player intentionally initiating minor contact is indeed a breach of the rules. However, it is to be treated as a violation, not a foul. This is clarified in the rules under "Calling Fouls, Infractions and Violations."

False. According to the rules of Ultimate, the term "Contact" is used specifically for non-minor contact situations. If a marker initiates minor contact with the thrower's chest, it does not warrant a "Contact" call. The "Contact" call is reserved for instances where the contact is non-minor and affects the thrower's ability to pivot, fake, or prepare to throw. For minor contact, which does not alter the movements or position of the thrower, the thrower may not call "Contact" but may instead call a disc space infraction if applicable. Minor contact is defined as contact that involves minimal physical force and does not alter the movements or position of another player. Therefore, if the contact is minor and does not affect the thrower's play, the thrower should not call "Contact" and play should continue without interruption.

False. Intentionally fouling the thrower, or any player, is against the spirit and rules of Ultimate. The rules do not condone intentional fouls under any circumstances, including to prevent a goal. If a foul occurs, it should be called and resolved according to the rules, but the intention should never be to commit a foul deliberately.

True. According to the rules of Ultimate, non-minor contact that occurs accidentally is still considered a foul. The rules emphasize that there should be no intentional contact in Ultimate, but they also clarify that a foul does not need to be intentional to be considered as such. Therefore, even accidental non-minor contact can be a foul. (15.1)

True. According to the rules of Ultimate, any opposing player may make a travel infraction call (15.5.1).

False. According to the rules provided, if a defender incorrectly initiates a stoppage while the disc is in the air and the opposition drops the disc, the disc must be returned to the thrower unless rule 16.3 applies. Rule 16.3 pertains to situations where the call or event did not affect the outcome of the play. If the incorrect stoppage did not affect the play, then the turnover would stand as per rule 16.3. However, if the incorrect stoppage did affect the play, then the disc would indeed be returned to the thrower.

True. According to the rules of Ultimate, a 'Wrapping' marking infraction occurs when a line between a defensive player’s hands or arms comes within one disc diameter of the thrower’s torso, or any part of the defensive player’s body is above the thrower’s pivot point. Only the thrower may call marking infractions, including 'Wrapping', as specified in the rules. Other players may alert the thrower to a marking infraction, but only the thrower can make the call, which the opposition must then respond to accordingly.

True. According to the rules of Ultimate, a player intentionally initiating minor contact is indeed a breach of the rules, but it is to be treated as a violation, not a foul. This is specified in rule 15.1.1.

True. According to the rules of Ultimate, any offensive player can call "Double Team" when they observe the infraction occurring. This is stated in the rules, which specify that while typically only the thrower may call marking infractions, the exception is for a double team, which can be called by any offensive player. The call should be made loud enough for the thrower and marker to hear, and if the thrower echoes a double team call made by a teammate, it is treated as the same double team call.

False. When an offensive throwing foul is called by the marker and the thrower contests the foul, the play stops and the disc remains with the thrower. According to the rules, the stall count does not automatically resume at a maximum of six. Instead, the stall count is typically resumed at the count reached before the foul was called, minus one, or as otherwise dictated by the specific rules regarding the resolution of the foul. For example, if the marker had reached "Stalling 7" before the foul was called, upon resuming play, the stall count would continue from "Stalling 6" after the check. However, the exact number to resume from can vary depending on the situation and the specific rules applicable to the foul and contest. Therefore, the statement that the stall count must resume at a maximum of six is not accurate without additional context regarding the stall count reached prior to the foul call.

In the scenario where a defender incorrectly initiates a stoppage while the disc is in the air, and the opposition subsequently drops the disc, the rules of Ultimate state that the disc should be returned to the thrower. This is based on the principle that if the opposition does not gain or retain possession due to the incorrect stoppage, the disc must go back to the last non-disputed thrower, unless another rule applies that would dictate a different outcome. However, if it is determined that the call or event (the incorrect stoppage) did not affect the outcome of the play—meaning the drop would have occurred regardless of the stoppage—the disc may not need to be returned to the thrower. This determination would typically involve a discussion among the players involved to ascertain whether the stoppage had an impact on the play. In summary, the default action after an incorrect stoppage is to return the disc to the thrower, but this may be overridden if it is clear that the stoppage did not affect the play.

False. According to the rules of Ultimate, any offensive player may make a double team call. However, if the call is not made by the thrower, it should be made loud enough for the thrower and marker to hear. If the thrower echoes a double team call made by a teammate, this should be treated as the same double team call. This is outlined in the provided sources, which state that while traditionally only the thrower could call "Double Team," the rule has been changed to allow any offensive player to make the call.

False. According to the rules provided, when a thrower calls a marking foul as the disc is released and the foul is not contested by the marker, the stall count should restart at "Stalling 1" as per rule 9.5.1. Additionally, if a contested receiving foul is called on the resulting pass, and the disc is returned to the thrower, the stall count would still restart at "Stalling 1" as per rule 9.5.4.1, not "Stalling 6". Therefore, the statement that the stall count should restart at "Stalling 6" is incorrect based on the rules provided.

False. According to the rules, if a marker recognizes that the thrower has established a pivot at the incorrect spot, they cannot wait until a later time, such as after a pass has been made, to call a travel. The marker should call the travel as soon as they recognize the infraction. If the marker had a reasonable opportunity to recognize that a breach had occurred and continued play as if no breach had occurred, they should not make the call later on. This is to ensure that the game is played fairly and that infractions are addressed promptly.

True. According to the rules of Ultimate, contact with an opponent's extended arms or hands that are about to, or already are, contacting the disc, or contact to the thrower's hand during the throwing motion, is not considered to be minor contact. This type of contact is significant as it can affect the play and is not to be dismissed as minor.

False. According to the rules provided, any offensive player may make a double team call. However, if the call is not made by the thrower, it should be made loud enough for the thrower and marker to hear. If the thrower echoes a double team call made by a teammate, it is treated as the same double team call.

False. According to the rules of Ultimate, only the thrower may call marking infractions, except in the case of a double team. For travel infractions, any opposing player may make the call, but if the call is not made by the marker, it should be made loud enough for the thrower and marker to hear. There is no rule that allows a teammate of the thrower to contest a travel infraction call. The thrower themselves can contest the call if they disagree with it.

False. According to the rules of Ultimate, a player can retract a call if they subsequently determine that their call was incorrect, not based on whether the call will benefit their team or not. The retraction of a call is based on the recognition of an error in the initial call, not on the potential advantage or outcome it may create for the player's team.

True. According to the rules, any opposing player may make a travel infraction call, not just the marker. If the call is not made by the marker, it should be made loud enough for the thrower and marker to hear. (15.5.1)

False. According to the rules, the term "Contact" should only be called when the contact is non-minor – e.g., it affects the ability of the thrower to freely pivot, fake, or prepare to throw. Minor contact, which involves minimal physical force and does not alter the movements or position of another player, should not be called as a "Contact" infraction. Therefore, if the marker initiates minor contact with the thrower's chest, the thrower should not call "Contact" as per rule 17.6.1.3.

False. According to the rules of Ultimate, only the thrower may call marking infractions, except in the case of a double team. For marking infractions excluding double team, if other players notice a marking infraction they may alert the thrower of this, however this call will have no effect. The thrower may subsequently make the call themselves, in which case the opposition should respond accordingly. Therefore, a 'Straddle' marking infraction may not be called by any opposing player; it must be called by the thrower.

True. According to the rules of Ultimate, if a defensive player is illegally positioned and there is non-minor contact between the illegally positioned defensive player and the thrower, it is considered a foul by the marker (17.6.1.1). This is supported by the information that non-minor contact that occurs accidentally is still a foul and does not need to be intentional, as intentional contact is not allowed in Ultimate (15.1). Additionally, any contact with an illegally positioned marker is almost always a foul on the marker (source_reference).

True. According to the rules of Ultimate, non-minor contact that occurs accidentally is still considered a foul. The rules emphasize that there should be no intentional contact in Ultimate, but they also clarify that a foul does not need to be intentional to be called. Therefore, accidental non-minor contact is still a foul.

True. According to the rules of Ultimate, any opposing player may call a travel infraction. This is supported by the information that indicates that any opposing player may claim a violation, which includes travel infractions, by calling the specific name of the violation or "Violation".

True. According to the rules of Ultimate, any opposing player may make a travel infraction call. However, if the call is not made by the marker, the call should be made loud enough for the thrower and marker to hear.

False. According to the rules of Ultimate, generally only the thrower may claim an infraction by calling the specific name of the infraction. However, there are exceptions to this rule. For example, any opposing player may claim a violation by calling the specific name of the violation or "Violation," unless specified otherwise by the particular rule. This means that while the thrower is typically the one to call infractions, violations can be called by any opposing player.

True. According to the rules of Ultimate, any opposing player may make a travel infraction call. However, if the call is not made by the marker, it should be made loud enough for the thrower and marker to hear.

False. Minor contact is defined as contact that involves minimal physical force and does not alter the movements or position of another player. It is not necessarily related to whether the contact affects the play or is dangerous in nature. For example, contact with an opponent’s extended arms or hands that are about to, or already are, contacting the disc, or contact to the thrower's hand during the throwing motion, is not considered to be minor contact. This implies that minor contact is more about the degree of physical force and the effect on another player's movement or position, rather than the play's outcome or the contact's dangerousness.

In Ultimate frisbee, minor contact is characterized by minimal physical force that does not alter the movements or position of another player. This type of contact is not considered dangerous and does not affect the outcome of the play. For example, contact with an opponent's extended arms or hands that are about to, or already are, contacting the disc, or contact to the thrower's hand during the throwing motion, is not deemed to be minor contact. It's important to note that while minor contact does not affect the play, non-minor contact, even if accidental, is still considered a foul and can affect the play's outcome.

In Ultimate frisbee, fouls can occur when there is non-minor contact between players. The types of fouls include: 1. **Strip Fouls**: Occur when a defensive player causes the disc to be dropped by the offensive player who has already gained possession. 2. **Receiving Fouls**: Happen when contact by a defender prevents an offensive player from making a play on the disc during an attempt to catch it. 3. **Force-out Fouls**: Occur when a receiver catches the disc and is contacted by a defender, causing them to land out-of-bounds when they would have landed in-bounds without contact. 4. **Throwing Fouls**: Occur when there is contact with the thrower during the act of throwing, or during their follow-through. 5. **General Fouls**: Can occur after the outcome of the play has been determined and can result in a stoppage of play and resetting of positions. 6. **Dangerous Play**: Any play that is reckless or dangerous can be considered a foul, regardless of whether or not contact was made. 7. **Offensive Fouls**: Occur when the player with the disc initiates contact with a defender. It's important to note that non-minor contact that occurs accidentally is still considered a foul, as intentional contact is not allowed in Ultimate. If fouls are contested, the resolution depends on the specific situation, such as whether the disc is returned to the thrower or possession is maintained by the receiver.

In Ultimate frisbee, a foul is an event where non-incidental contact occurs between players. Non-incidental contact is defined as contact that affects the play. Fouls can occur in various forms, such as: 1. **Force-out Fouls**: This type of foul occurs when a receiver is in the process of establishing possession of the disc and is fouled by a defensive player before establishing possession, causing the receiver to lose control of the disc. If a receiver catches a pass in the end zone but is fouled before they can establish possession and the foul causes them to lose control, yet they establish possession in the central zone, it is considered a force-out foul and would result in a goal. 2. **Strip Fouls**: A strip foul happens when a player has established possession of a non-spinning disc, and a defender knocks it away, causing the player to lose possession. The player calling "strip" is claiming that they had possession of the disc and that a foul caused them to lose it. 3. **Blocking Fouls**: A blocking foul occurs when a player takes a position that an opponent, moving in a legal manner, will be unable to avoid, and non-minor contact results. This can be treated as either a receiving foul or an indirect foul, depending on the situation. 4. **Indirect Fouls**: These are fouls that do not directly affect the outcome of a play but still involve non-incidental contact. 5. **Offsetting Fouls**: If fouls are called by offensive and defensive players on the same play, these are considered offsetting fouls, and the disc must be returned to the last non-disputed thrower. When a foul is called, play stops and the disc is either turned over to the fouled player or play is resumed with a check, depending on the specific circumstances and whether the foul is contested or uncontested. Please note that the exact rules and interpretations can vary depending on the governing body and the specific ruleset being used for a game or tournament. The descriptions provided here are based on the general principles of Ultimate frisbee fouls.

Marking violations in Ultimate frisbee include a variety of infractions related to the positioning and actions of the marker (the defensive player guarding the thrower). These infractions can include: 1. A pattern of repeated marking infractions, which suggests a consistent disregard for the rules regarding marking. 2. Illegal positioning by the marker, which must be corrected before the marker can resume counting. Continuing to count without correcting illegal positioning constitutes a subsequent marking infraction. 3. Flagrant breaches such as having four defenders around the thrower, the marker completely surrounding the thrower with their arms, or the marker counting too quickly (e.g., taking only two seconds to reach "stalling 6"). 4. If a marking infraction or violation is called and the thrower attempts a pass before, during, or after the call, the call has no consequences unless a specific rule applies (such as 18.1.2.1), and if the pass is incomplete, the turnover stands. It's important to note that only the thrower may call marking infractions, except in the case of a double team, where any offensive player may make the call. If a marking infraction is contested, the continuation rule applies, and the outcome depends on whether the disc was thrown and whether play was affected.

Accidental contact in Ultimate frisbee is still considered a foul, even if it is not intentional. According to the rules, there should be no intentional contact in the game, and non-minor contact that occurs accidentally does not need to be intentional to be considered a foul. However, it's important to note that minor contact, such as players lightly bumping shoulders or hips, may not necessarily be deemed a foul if both players were responsible for causing the contact and were aware that contact might occur. In such cases, if the contact is minor and does not affect the outcome of the play, it may be considered incidental and not a foul.

Double team in ultimate frisbee refers to a defensive player, other than the marker, being within three meters of the thrower's pivot point without also guarding another offensive player. Merely running across this area is not considered a double team. The rules regarding who can call a double team vary depending on the organization. In some cases, any offensive player can call a double team, while in others, only the thrower can make the call. When a double team is called and accepted, the marker must wait for the illegal positioning to be corrected and then resume the stall count. Any offensive player can make a double team call, but if the call is not made by the thrower, it should be loud enough for both the thrower and marker to hear. If the thrower echoes a double team call made by a teammate, it should be treated as the same double team call. The relevant sources for this answer are: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8].

No, looking at you in a funny way is not a violation in Ultimate frisbee. Intimidating behavior in Ultimate frisbee is typically defined as yelling loudly at an opponent with the intention of distracting them or engaging in actions that attempt to intimidate or gain an advantage over the opponent. Simply looking at someone in a funny way does not fall under this definition.

A foul in Ultimate frisbee refers to non-incidental contact between players that affects the continued play. It can include force-out fouls, offsetting fouls, strip fouls, blocking fouls, and indirect fouls. A force-out foul occurs when a defensive player forces an offensive player out of bounds. Offsetting fouls happen when both the offensive and defensive players commit fouls simultaneously. A strip foul occurs when a defensive player knocks the disc out of the offensive player's hand. Blocking fouls occur when a player takes a position that an opponent moving legally cannot avoid, resulting in non-minor contact. Indirect fouls involve non-minor contact between a receiver and a defensive player that does not directly affect an attempt to make a play on the disc.

Minor contact in ultimate frisbee is defined as contact that involves minimal physical force and does not alter the movements or position of another player. It includes contact with an opponent's extended arms or hands that are about to, or already are, contacting the disc, or contact to the thrower's hand during the throwing motion. It is important to note that intentionally initiating minor contact is considered a violation. Additionally, in situations where both players have a right to a space and neither player can be deemed to have initiated contact, minor body contact such as lightly bumping shoulders or hips is not necessarily deemed a foul.

A travel infraction may only be called by the marker. This means that only the player who is marking the thrower can call a travel infraction. Other players on the field, including the thrower, cannot make this call. If a travel infraction is noticed by another player, they can alert the thrower, but this call will have no effect. The marker must be the one to make the call, and it should be loud enough for both the thrower and the marker to hear. If the thrower wishes to contest the location of the travel infraction, they can announce 'violation' and explain that the spot was incorrectly or not indicated. However, if the travel infraction is contested and the thrower has not released the disc, play stops.

In Ultimate frisbee, a "double team" refers to a defensive player other than the marker being within three meters of the thrower's pivot point without also guarding another offensive player. Merely running across this area is not considered a double team. The rules differ slightly depending on the governing body. According to the USA Ultimate (USAU) rules, only the thrower can call a double team. However, in other organizations like the World Flying Disc Federation (WFDF), any offensive player can call a double team. When a double team is called and accepted, the marker must wait for the illegal positioning to be corrected before resuming the stall count. Any number of defensive players are allowed to guard the same offensive receiver. If a defender intentionally double teams the thrower without regard for other offensive players and gets a block, this can be addressed by rule 1.2.1. It's important to note that if a defender is legally marking the thrower and then a second defender commits a double team, the second defender is deemed to be the illegally positioned defensive player, and non-minor contact between the thrower and the second defender would result in a defensive throwing foul. The most relevant sources for this answer are source 0, source 1, source

Yes, if there is a foul during a stall count, you resume at the last count. According to the Rules of Ultimate - Calling Fouls, Infractions and Violations (15.11), if the marker calls a foul against the thrower and then retracts their call after discussion, the stall count would resume at the count it was at before the foul was called. This is also supported by the Rules of Ultimate - Infractions and Violations (18.1.3), which states that when a marking infraction is called, the marker should immediately stop counting. The defense should then correct the infraction, and the marker can resume the count at the appropriate number.

To call a violation in Ultimate frisbee, any opposing player may claim a violation by calling the specific name of the violation or simply saying "Violation," unless specified otherwise by the particular rule. The thrower may also call a marking violation and stop play if there is a marking infraction. Additionally, if the offense breaches certain rules, the defense may give a verbal warning or call a "Violation." It is important to note that a player cannot call a violation if a player on their own team is in the wrong position or is moving before the check. If play should continue without a stoppage, any player recognizing this should announce "play on." If the player who called the breach does not announce "play on" and the opposing team is uncertain whether play should continue, the opposing team has the option to stop play by calling "violation." Remember, it is crucial to use the correct term when making a call, but if a player uses the incorrect name for a call, the call should still be dealt with as if the correct term was used.

True. Minor contact is defined as contact that involves minimal physical force and does not alter the movements or position of another player. It includes contact with an opponent's extended arms or hands that are about to, or already are, contacting the disc, or contact to the thrower's hand during the throwing motion. It is not considered to be dangerous or affecting the play.

True. Any opposing player may call a 'Straddle' marking infraction.

No, if a foul occurs during a stall count, we do not resume the stall count at 0 after the foul is called. According to the rules, the stall count will resume at the count reached plus one.